What fallacy is assuming something is the case because of past events
I'm sure this is a simple question. What I am referring to is disbelieving someone on Day 20 because they have lied every day previous to Day 20.
Another example is the boy who cried wolf. The 50th time he cries "Wolf!" nobody believes him.
As a matter of practicality it's perfectly reasonable to disbelieve someone on Day 20 or take the cry of "Wolf!" to be false, as we've established through experience that a person lies, and so we judge probabilities (unconsciously maybe) and choose not to believe them.
However I'm asking from a purely logical perspective. If a witness lies many times, their credibility is severely hurt, but it would technically be a fallacy to say their last testimony was a lie because:
1.The witness has lied ten times to 13 questions.
2.The witness has a tendency to lie.
3.The last statement from the witness is a lie. (invalid conclusion)
What comes to my mind is "hasty generalization". However "hasty generalization" is defined by Wikipedia as:
... a conclusion about all or many instances of a phenomenon that has
been reached on the basis of just one or just a few instances of that
phenomenon. It is an example of jumping to conclusions.
Faulty generalization (hasty)
Notice it says based on just one or just a few. I think this excludes my examples because the conclusion is not based on just one or few instances, but in some cases many, for example 30 instances.
I agree that it is "jumping to conclusions", but I feel there's a more accurate term for it. I feel there's a term for something like:
- Just because it's happened in the past (even every time) doesn't mean it'll happen now (even though the odds are in favor it happening).
Also, I know this is related to the problem of induction, (You don't know that the sun will rise tomorrow), but that's not a name of a fallacy.
logic fallacies argumentation syllogism
add a comment |
I'm sure this is a simple question. What I am referring to is disbelieving someone on Day 20 because they have lied every day previous to Day 20.
Another example is the boy who cried wolf. The 50th time he cries "Wolf!" nobody believes him.
As a matter of practicality it's perfectly reasonable to disbelieve someone on Day 20 or take the cry of "Wolf!" to be false, as we've established through experience that a person lies, and so we judge probabilities (unconsciously maybe) and choose not to believe them.
However I'm asking from a purely logical perspective. If a witness lies many times, their credibility is severely hurt, but it would technically be a fallacy to say their last testimony was a lie because:
1.The witness has lied ten times to 13 questions.
2.The witness has a tendency to lie.
3.The last statement from the witness is a lie. (invalid conclusion)
What comes to my mind is "hasty generalization". However "hasty generalization" is defined by Wikipedia as:
... a conclusion about all or many instances of a phenomenon that has
been reached on the basis of just one or just a few instances of that
phenomenon. It is an example of jumping to conclusions.
Faulty generalization (hasty)
Notice it says based on just one or just a few. I think this excludes my examples because the conclusion is not based on just one or few instances, but in some cases many, for example 30 instances.
I agree that it is "jumping to conclusions", but I feel there's a more accurate term for it. I feel there's a term for something like:
- Just because it's happened in the past (even every time) doesn't mean it'll happen now (even though the odds are in favor it happening).
Also, I know this is related to the problem of induction, (You don't know that the sun will rise tomorrow), but that's not a name of a fallacy.
logic fallacies argumentation syllogism
add a comment |
I'm sure this is a simple question. What I am referring to is disbelieving someone on Day 20 because they have lied every day previous to Day 20.
Another example is the boy who cried wolf. The 50th time he cries "Wolf!" nobody believes him.
As a matter of practicality it's perfectly reasonable to disbelieve someone on Day 20 or take the cry of "Wolf!" to be false, as we've established through experience that a person lies, and so we judge probabilities (unconsciously maybe) and choose not to believe them.
However I'm asking from a purely logical perspective. If a witness lies many times, their credibility is severely hurt, but it would technically be a fallacy to say their last testimony was a lie because:
1.The witness has lied ten times to 13 questions.
2.The witness has a tendency to lie.
3.The last statement from the witness is a lie. (invalid conclusion)
What comes to my mind is "hasty generalization". However "hasty generalization" is defined by Wikipedia as:
... a conclusion about all or many instances of a phenomenon that has
been reached on the basis of just one or just a few instances of that
phenomenon. It is an example of jumping to conclusions.
Faulty generalization (hasty)
Notice it says based on just one or just a few. I think this excludes my examples because the conclusion is not based on just one or few instances, but in some cases many, for example 30 instances.
I agree that it is "jumping to conclusions", but I feel there's a more accurate term for it. I feel there's a term for something like:
- Just because it's happened in the past (even every time) doesn't mean it'll happen now (even though the odds are in favor it happening).
Also, I know this is related to the problem of induction, (You don't know that the sun will rise tomorrow), but that's not a name of a fallacy.
logic fallacies argumentation syllogism
I'm sure this is a simple question. What I am referring to is disbelieving someone on Day 20 because they have lied every day previous to Day 20.
Another example is the boy who cried wolf. The 50th time he cries "Wolf!" nobody believes him.
As a matter of practicality it's perfectly reasonable to disbelieve someone on Day 20 or take the cry of "Wolf!" to be false, as we've established through experience that a person lies, and so we judge probabilities (unconsciously maybe) and choose not to believe them.
However I'm asking from a purely logical perspective. If a witness lies many times, their credibility is severely hurt, but it would technically be a fallacy to say their last testimony was a lie because:
1.The witness has lied ten times to 13 questions.
2.The witness has a tendency to lie.
3.The last statement from the witness is a lie. (invalid conclusion)
What comes to my mind is "hasty generalization". However "hasty generalization" is defined by Wikipedia as:
... a conclusion about all or many instances of a phenomenon that has
been reached on the basis of just one or just a few instances of that
phenomenon. It is an example of jumping to conclusions.
Faulty generalization (hasty)
Notice it says based on just one or just a few. I think this excludes my examples because the conclusion is not based on just one or few instances, but in some cases many, for example 30 instances.
I agree that it is "jumping to conclusions", but I feel there's a more accurate term for it. I feel there's a term for something like:
- Just because it's happened in the past (even every time) doesn't mean it'll happen now (even though the odds are in favor it happening).
Also, I know this is related to the problem of induction, (You don't know that the sun will rise tomorrow), but that's not a name of a fallacy.
logic fallacies argumentation syllogism
logic fallacies argumentation syllogism
asked 2 hours ago
ZebrafishZebrafish
1415
1415
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add a comment |
2 Answers
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I think I found something that comes close:
Appeal to probability (Wikipedia)
An appeal to probability (or appeal to possibility) is the logical fallacy of taking something for granted because it would probably be
the case (or might possibly be the case).
and
An appeal to probability argues that, because something probably will
happen, it is certain to happen.
The fallacy is an informal fallacy.
P1: X is probable.
P2: (Unstated) Anything which is probable, is certain.
C: X is certain.
The fallaciousness of this line of logic should be apparent from the second, unstated premise (P2), which seems and is blatantly false.
Appeal to Probability - Rational Wiki
I was thinking along the lines of appeal to history or something, not sure if such a term exists. I'd still appreciate any more suggestions.
I think answering you own question is fine. This fallacy, I would say, applies to the 13 out of 20 case, but not so much to the boy-wolf and day 21 cases. These are valid inductive inferences.
– Jishin Noben
16 mins ago
add a comment |
This is not a fallacy, just the old problem of induction. A case of hasty generalisation would be to conclud that the witness tends to lie, if you have observed it two times in a row.
I appreciate your answer. Hasty generalization is described as a fallacy both in the fallacy and faulty generalization articles in Wikipedia, as well as in other sources. I'm not sure if you're saying it's not a fallacy. Also, I'm not sure concluding the witness tends to lie is a hasty generalization, I believe the final conclusion that the last testimony was a lie is a hasty generalization. I might be wrong.
– Zebrafish
56 mins ago
@Zebrafish Hasty generalisation is a fallacy. But if you conclude that on day 21 someone is lying if you have observed him to do so the 20 days before is not fallacious. You cannot know for certain, but that is the problem of induction. It is definitely no logical fallacy, since nobody claims that there is a logical connection.
– Jishin Noben
38 mins ago
OK, understood. But let's just say they lied on 13 of the 20 days, I found it hard to believe that concluding someone is lying because they've lied on 2 or 3 occasions out of a possible 20 is a fallacy (the hasty generalization), but 13 lies out of 20 isn't a fallacy (even though it's not hasty). Also, I posted an answer that I think is close. What do you think of it? Edit: Damn, whenever I type @JishinNoben it disappears.
– Zebrafish
33 mins ago
In the 13 out of 20 case, it depends on what exactly the conclusion is: If the conclusion is "they always lie", that is an invalid (inductive) inference. If the conclusion is "they lie at time 21", you could call it appeal to probability. But it could also mean: "they are likely to lie, the might do so today, do we want to risk relying on them?" and there is no fallacy. Pragmatics should be taken into account when identifying an informal fallacy.
– Jishin Noben
18 mins ago
add a comment |
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2 Answers
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active
oldest
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2 Answers
2
active
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I think I found something that comes close:
Appeal to probability (Wikipedia)
An appeal to probability (or appeal to possibility) is the logical fallacy of taking something for granted because it would probably be
the case (or might possibly be the case).
and
An appeal to probability argues that, because something probably will
happen, it is certain to happen.
The fallacy is an informal fallacy.
P1: X is probable.
P2: (Unstated) Anything which is probable, is certain.
C: X is certain.
The fallaciousness of this line of logic should be apparent from the second, unstated premise (P2), which seems and is blatantly false.
Appeal to Probability - Rational Wiki
I was thinking along the lines of appeal to history or something, not sure if such a term exists. I'd still appreciate any more suggestions.
I think answering you own question is fine. This fallacy, I would say, applies to the 13 out of 20 case, but not so much to the boy-wolf and day 21 cases. These are valid inductive inferences.
– Jishin Noben
16 mins ago
add a comment |
I think I found something that comes close:
Appeal to probability (Wikipedia)
An appeal to probability (or appeal to possibility) is the logical fallacy of taking something for granted because it would probably be
the case (or might possibly be the case).
and
An appeal to probability argues that, because something probably will
happen, it is certain to happen.
The fallacy is an informal fallacy.
P1: X is probable.
P2: (Unstated) Anything which is probable, is certain.
C: X is certain.
The fallaciousness of this line of logic should be apparent from the second, unstated premise (P2), which seems and is blatantly false.
Appeal to Probability - Rational Wiki
I was thinking along the lines of appeal to history or something, not sure if such a term exists. I'd still appreciate any more suggestions.
I think answering you own question is fine. This fallacy, I would say, applies to the 13 out of 20 case, but not so much to the boy-wolf and day 21 cases. These are valid inductive inferences.
– Jishin Noben
16 mins ago
add a comment |
I think I found something that comes close:
Appeal to probability (Wikipedia)
An appeal to probability (or appeal to possibility) is the logical fallacy of taking something for granted because it would probably be
the case (or might possibly be the case).
and
An appeal to probability argues that, because something probably will
happen, it is certain to happen.
The fallacy is an informal fallacy.
P1: X is probable.
P2: (Unstated) Anything which is probable, is certain.
C: X is certain.
The fallaciousness of this line of logic should be apparent from the second, unstated premise (P2), which seems and is blatantly false.
Appeal to Probability - Rational Wiki
I was thinking along the lines of appeal to history or something, not sure if such a term exists. I'd still appreciate any more suggestions.
I think I found something that comes close:
Appeal to probability (Wikipedia)
An appeal to probability (or appeal to possibility) is the logical fallacy of taking something for granted because it would probably be
the case (or might possibly be the case).
and
An appeal to probability argues that, because something probably will
happen, it is certain to happen.
The fallacy is an informal fallacy.
P1: X is probable.
P2: (Unstated) Anything which is probable, is certain.
C: X is certain.
The fallaciousness of this line of logic should be apparent from the second, unstated premise (P2), which seems and is blatantly false.
Appeal to Probability - Rational Wiki
I was thinking along the lines of appeal to history or something, not sure if such a term exists. I'd still appreciate any more suggestions.
edited 19 mins ago
community wiki
2 revs
Zebrafish
I think answering you own question is fine. This fallacy, I would say, applies to the 13 out of 20 case, but not so much to the boy-wolf and day 21 cases. These are valid inductive inferences.
– Jishin Noben
16 mins ago
add a comment |
I think answering you own question is fine. This fallacy, I would say, applies to the 13 out of 20 case, but not so much to the boy-wolf and day 21 cases. These are valid inductive inferences.
– Jishin Noben
16 mins ago
I think answering you own question is fine. This fallacy, I would say, applies to the 13 out of 20 case, but not so much to the boy-wolf and day 21 cases. These are valid inductive inferences.
– Jishin Noben
16 mins ago
I think answering you own question is fine. This fallacy, I would say, applies to the 13 out of 20 case, but not so much to the boy-wolf and day 21 cases. These are valid inductive inferences.
– Jishin Noben
16 mins ago
add a comment |
This is not a fallacy, just the old problem of induction. A case of hasty generalisation would be to conclud that the witness tends to lie, if you have observed it two times in a row.
I appreciate your answer. Hasty generalization is described as a fallacy both in the fallacy and faulty generalization articles in Wikipedia, as well as in other sources. I'm not sure if you're saying it's not a fallacy. Also, I'm not sure concluding the witness tends to lie is a hasty generalization, I believe the final conclusion that the last testimony was a lie is a hasty generalization. I might be wrong.
– Zebrafish
56 mins ago
@Zebrafish Hasty generalisation is a fallacy. But if you conclude that on day 21 someone is lying if you have observed him to do so the 20 days before is not fallacious. You cannot know for certain, but that is the problem of induction. It is definitely no logical fallacy, since nobody claims that there is a logical connection.
– Jishin Noben
38 mins ago
OK, understood. But let's just say they lied on 13 of the 20 days, I found it hard to believe that concluding someone is lying because they've lied on 2 or 3 occasions out of a possible 20 is a fallacy (the hasty generalization), but 13 lies out of 20 isn't a fallacy (even though it's not hasty). Also, I posted an answer that I think is close. What do you think of it? Edit: Damn, whenever I type @JishinNoben it disappears.
– Zebrafish
33 mins ago
In the 13 out of 20 case, it depends on what exactly the conclusion is: If the conclusion is "they always lie", that is an invalid (inductive) inference. If the conclusion is "they lie at time 21", you could call it appeal to probability. But it could also mean: "they are likely to lie, the might do so today, do we want to risk relying on them?" and there is no fallacy. Pragmatics should be taken into account when identifying an informal fallacy.
– Jishin Noben
18 mins ago
add a comment |
This is not a fallacy, just the old problem of induction. A case of hasty generalisation would be to conclud that the witness tends to lie, if you have observed it two times in a row.
I appreciate your answer. Hasty generalization is described as a fallacy both in the fallacy and faulty generalization articles in Wikipedia, as well as in other sources. I'm not sure if you're saying it's not a fallacy. Also, I'm not sure concluding the witness tends to lie is a hasty generalization, I believe the final conclusion that the last testimony was a lie is a hasty generalization. I might be wrong.
– Zebrafish
56 mins ago
@Zebrafish Hasty generalisation is a fallacy. But if you conclude that on day 21 someone is lying if you have observed him to do so the 20 days before is not fallacious. You cannot know for certain, but that is the problem of induction. It is definitely no logical fallacy, since nobody claims that there is a logical connection.
– Jishin Noben
38 mins ago
OK, understood. But let's just say they lied on 13 of the 20 days, I found it hard to believe that concluding someone is lying because they've lied on 2 or 3 occasions out of a possible 20 is a fallacy (the hasty generalization), but 13 lies out of 20 isn't a fallacy (even though it's not hasty). Also, I posted an answer that I think is close. What do you think of it? Edit: Damn, whenever I type @JishinNoben it disappears.
– Zebrafish
33 mins ago
In the 13 out of 20 case, it depends on what exactly the conclusion is: If the conclusion is "they always lie", that is an invalid (inductive) inference. If the conclusion is "they lie at time 21", you could call it appeal to probability. But it could also mean: "they are likely to lie, the might do so today, do we want to risk relying on them?" and there is no fallacy. Pragmatics should be taken into account when identifying an informal fallacy.
– Jishin Noben
18 mins ago
add a comment |
This is not a fallacy, just the old problem of induction. A case of hasty generalisation would be to conclud that the witness tends to lie, if you have observed it two times in a row.
This is not a fallacy, just the old problem of induction. A case of hasty generalisation would be to conclud that the witness tends to lie, if you have observed it two times in a row.
answered 1 hour ago
Jishin NobenJishin Noben
39516
39516
I appreciate your answer. Hasty generalization is described as a fallacy both in the fallacy and faulty generalization articles in Wikipedia, as well as in other sources. I'm not sure if you're saying it's not a fallacy. Also, I'm not sure concluding the witness tends to lie is a hasty generalization, I believe the final conclusion that the last testimony was a lie is a hasty generalization. I might be wrong.
– Zebrafish
56 mins ago
@Zebrafish Hasty generalisation is a fallacy. But if you conclude that on day 21 someone is lying if you have observed him to do so the 20 days before is not fallacious. You cannot know for certain, but that is the problem of induction. It is definitely no logical fallacy, since nobody claims that there is a logical connection.
– Jishin Noben
38 mins ago
OK, understood. But let's just say they lied on 13 of the 20 days, I found it hard to believe that concluding someone is lying because they've lied on 2 or 3 occasions out of a possible 20 is a fallacy (the hasty generalization), but 13 lies out of 20 isn't a fallacy (even though it's not hasty). Also, I posted an answer that I think is close. What do you think of it? Edit: Damn, whenever I type @JishinNoben it disappears.
– Zebrafish
33 mins ago
In the 13 out of 20 case, it depends on what exactly the conclusion is: If the conclusion is "they always lie", that is an invalid (inductive) inference. If the conclusion is "they lie at time 21", you could call it appeal to probability. But it could also mean: "they are likely to lie, the might do so today, do we want to risk relying on them?" and there is no fallacy. Pragmatics should be taken into account when identifying an informal fallacy.
– Jishin Noben
18 mins ago
add a comment |
I appreciate your answer. Hasty generalization is described as a fallacy both in the fallacy and faulty generalization articles in Wikipedia, as well as in other sources. I'm not sure if you're saying it's not a fallacy. Also, I'm not sure concluding the witness tends to lie is a hasty generalization, I believe the final conclusion that the last testimony was a lie is a hasty generalization. I might be wrong.
– Zebrafish
56 mins ago
@Zebrafish Hasty generalisation is a fallacy. But if you conclude that on day 21 someone is lying if you have observed him to do so the 20 days before is not fallacious. You cannot know for certain, but that is the problem of induction. It is definitely no logical fallacy, since nobody claims that there is a logical connection.
– Jishin Noben
38 mins ago
OK, understood. But let's just say they lied on 13 of the 20 days, I found it hard to believe that concluding someone is lying because they've lied on 2 or 3 occasions out of a possible 20 is a fallacy (the hasty generalization), but 13 lies out of 20 isn't a fallacy (even though it's not hasty). Also, I posted an answer that I think is close. What do you think of it? Edit: Damn, whenever I type @JishinNoben it disappears.
– Zebrafish
33 mins ago
In the 13 out of 20 case, it depends on what exactly the conclusion is: If the conclusion is "they always lie", that is an invalid (inductive) inference. If the conclusion is "they lie at time 21", you could call it appeal to probability. But it could also mean: "they are likely to lie, the might do so today, do we want to risk relying on them?" and there is no fallacy. Pragmatics should be taken into account when identifying an informal fallacy.
– Jishin Noben
18 mins ago
I appreciate your answer. Hasty generalization is described as a fallacy both in the fallacy and faulty generalization articles in Wikipedia, as well as in other sources. I'm not sure if you're saying it's not a fallacy. Also, I'm not sure concluding the witness tends to lie is a hasty generalization, I believe the final conclusion that the last testimony was a lie is a hasty generalization. I might be wrong.
– Zebrafish
56 mins ago
I appreciate your answer. Hasty generalization is described as a fallacy both in the fallacy and faulty generalization articles in Wikipedia, as well as in other sources. I'm not sure if you're saying it's not a fallacy. Also, I'm not sure concluding the witness tends to lie is a hasty generalization, I believe the final conclusion that the last testimony was a lie is a hasty generalization. I might be wrong.
– Zebrafish
56 mins ago
@Zebrafish Hasty generalisation is a fallacy. But if you conclude that on day 21 someone is lying if you have observed him to do so the 20 days before is not fallacious. You cannot know for certain, but that is the problem of induction. It is definitely no logical fallacy, since nobody claims that there is a logical connection.
– Jishin Noben
38 mins ago
@Zebrafish Hasty generalisation is a fallacy. But if you conclude that on day 21 someone is lying if you have observed him to do so the 20 days before is not fallacious. You cannot know for certain, but that is the problem of induction. It is definitely no logical fallacy, since nobody claims that there is a logical connection.
– Jishin Noben
38 mins ago
OK, understood. But let's just say they lied on 13 of the 20 days, I found it hard to believe that concluding someone is lying because they've lied on 2 or 3 occasions out of a possible 20 is a fallacy (the hasty generalization), but 13 lies out of 20 isn't a fallacy (even though it's not hasty). Also, I posted an answer that I think is close. What do you think of it? Edit: Damn, whenever I type @JishinNoben it disappears.
– Zebrafish
33 mins ago
OK, understood. But let's just say they lied on 13 of the 20 days, I found it hard to believe that concluding someone is lying because they've lied on 2 or 3 occasions out of a possible 20 is a fallacy (the hasty generalization), but 13 lies out of 20 isn't a fallacy (even though it's not hasty). Also, I posted an answer that I think is close. What do you think of it? Edit: Damn, whenever I type @JishinNoben it disappears.
– Zebrafish
33 mins ago
In the 13 out of 20 case, it depends on what exactly the conclusion is: If the conclusion is "they always lie", that is an invalid (inductive) inference. If the conclusion is "they lie at time 21", you could call it appeal to probability. But it could also mean: "they are likely to lie, the might do so today, do we want to risk relying on them?" and there is no fallacy. Pragmatics should be taken into account when identifying an informal fallacy.
– Jishin Noben
18 mins ago
In the 13 out of 20 case, it depends on what exactly the conclusion is: If the conclusion is "they always lie", that is an invalid (inductive) inference. If the conclusion is "they lie at time 21", you could call it appeal to probability. But it could also mean: "they are likely to lie, the might do so today, do we want to risk relying on them?" and there is no fallacy. Pragmatics should be taken into account when identifying an informal fallacy.
– Jishin Noben
18 mins ago
add a comment |
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