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We know that Anakin was very-badly injured to the point of near death, burned from head to toe and for simple survival he wears his iconic suit.

My question is, obviously the capability to take someone so severely injured and provide a way to stabilize their body and provide some form of life existed, else the entire repair sequence of Anakin into "Darth Vader", wouldn't have been possible.

So, within the Star Wars universe, are there any other characters who suffered some sad fate but was medically repaired similar to Vader? Obviously, Anakin had artificial limbs, a breathing apparatus and a head mask. I'm not sure what the mask is specifically for, but that's honestly what I'm most curious about, is someone else traveling along the galaxy that looks much like Vader?

There are several examples of characters with particularly extensive cybernetic modification, though none notably close in design to Darth Vader.

General Grievous was a cyborg who had such extensive modification that his organic parts consisted of little more than a brain, eyes and a few internal organs.

Mercenaries from the Guavian Death Gang that confronted Han Solo during the events of The Force Awakens were cybernetically enhanced with artificial organs and armor similar to Vader's, though they were the result of voluntary augmentation rather than necessitated by injury.

Saw Gerrera had a cybernetic leg and a pressure suit to support his damaged lungs.

From the Legends continuity there are a few other examples, such as Lumiya, another dark Jedi who had cybernetic armor, and Darth Malak, who had a prosthetic lower jaw.

Saw Gerrera had injuries to both his lungs and legs, which meant that he both used a prosthetic leg and had to wear a pressure suit for survival. (I always thought the scenes of him using a breathing mask in Rogue One were explicitly to highlight his similarities to Vader)

I am not sure if it counts as it is not as extensive as a suit but there is Breha Organa's pulmonodes. They replaced her heart and lungs after an accident during her Challenge of the Body, and in Leia: Princess of Alderaan we learn Breha did not seek to cover them with synthetic skin since it was a reminder she had survived.